What is malignant hyperthermia?

Malignant hyperthermia is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs as a genetic reaction to certain anesthetics, particularly volatile anesthetics and the muscle relaxant succinylcholine. The underlying mechanism involves a mutation in the ryanodine receptor, which leads to uncontrolled calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells. This increased calcium ultimately causes an excessive metabolic rate, resulting in a rapid rise in body temperature, muscle rigidity, and can lead to serious complications such as cardiac arrest if not treated promptly.

Management of malignant hyperthermia typically involves immediate discontinuation of triggering agents and the administration of dantrolene, which counters the hypermetabolic state. Recognizing predisposition to this condition is crucial for healthcare providers during preoperative assessments, particularly for patients with a family history of malignant hyperthermia.

In contrast, other options describe conditions that do not relate to the genetic reaction to anesthetics. An allergic reaction to surgical sutures pertains to the immune system's response to foreign materials and does not involve a genetic predisposition. Post-surgical infections are complications that can arise from various factors, including poor wound care or contamination, and are unrelated to anesthesia. Blood loss during surgery, while a significant concern, addresses